Education in Russia
Stages of education
1
Preschool education
From three years old, a child can go to kindergarten.
2
Primary and basic general education
Primary education takes four years and is binding.
3
Secondary general or vocational education
From 9th to 11th grade at school or technical school, or college.
4
Higher education
The system is built according to the Bologna principle and consists of several levels: bachelor's, specialty, master's, postgraduate, residency and others.
Preschool education
The first stage in the education system, which is provided by nurseries and kindergartens, less often by other educational organizations that look after children and conduct preschool education. Each parent has the opportunity to send the child wherever he sees fit. Children can be sent to a nursery from 1 year old, where they are up to 3 years old and then go to kindergarten. In kindergarten, kids finish their education at the age of 6-7 years. In Russia, preschool education is optional, so parents themselves decide to send their children to nurseries and kindergartens or not.
Primary and basic general education
Upon reaching the age of six, the child receives primary education. You can go to school, gymnasium or lyceum. The gymnasium and the lyceum differ from the school in that there is a more in-depth study of subjects, or they introduce additional subjects that will be useful to students entering higher educational institutions.
After completing primary education, children at the age of 10 complete basic general education. The training lasts 5 years. At the end of the 9th grade, the student is issued a certificate of secondary education.
After completing primary education, children at the age of 10 complete basic general education. The training lasts 5 years. At the end of the 9th grade, the student is issued a certificate of secondary education.
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Secondary general or vocational education
After the 9th grade, the student will have a choice to go to grade 10-11, or to college / technical school.
If a student chooses to go to grades 10-11, then at the end of the last year, as in grade 9, students take exams, but they already receive a certificate of complete secondary education.
Secondary vocational education is acquired in technical schools or colleges. Students are trained according to special basic training programs. The term of study is 2-3 years. Colleges: the training is carried out according to the standards of in-depth development of professions. The term of study is up to 4 years. These educational institutions train skilled workers. During their studies, full-time students studying at the expense of the budget receive a state scholarship. After passing the exams, the young specialist receives a secondary vocational education degree, which allows him to enter higher educational institutions.
If a student chooses to go to grades 10-11, then at the end of the last year, as in grade 9, students take exams, but they already receive a certificate of complete secondary education.
Secondary vocational education is acquired in technical schools or colleges. Students are trained according to special basic training programs. The term of study is 2-3 years. Colleges: the training is carried out according to the standards of in-depth development of professions. The term of study is up to 4 years. These educational institutions train skilled workers. During their studies, full-time students studying at the expense of the budget receive a state scholarship. After passing the exams, the young specialist receives a secondary vocational education degree, which allows him to enter higher educational institutions.
Higher education
In Russia, higher education is divided into 3 levels:
Undergraduate (4 years). This is a completed higher education. Those who have completed 11 grades, or those who have received a professional education can apply for a bachelor's degree. Upon completion of the bachelor's degree, graduates are issued only a degree with qualifications.
Specialty (5 years). In contrast to the undergraduate degree, upon completion of the specialty, the graduate receives the title of a certified specialist.
Master's degree (6 years). Those who have completed a bachelor's and a specialist's degree can continue to study in the master's program. In a master's program, you can deepen your knowledge and improve training in an already acquired profession.
There is also incomplete higher education. A student receives it if he has studied for at least 2 years and for some reason cannot graduate from a higher educational institution.
Undergraduate (4 years). This is a completed higher education. Those who have completed 11 grades, or those who have received a professional education can apply for a bachelor's degree. Upon completion of the bachelor's degree, graduates are issued only a degree with qualifications.
Specialty (5 years). In contrast to the undergraduate degree, upon completion of the specialty, the graduate receives the title of a certified specialist.
Master's degree (6 years). Those who have completed a bachelor's and a specialist's degree can continue to study in the master's program. In a master's program, you can deepen your knowledge and improve training in an already acquired profession.
There is also incomplete higher education. A student receives it if he has studied for at least 2 years and for some reason cannot graduate from a higher educational institution.
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